Chapter 1 : Introduction of Technology (Part 2)

Applications of Information Technology

-Education

-Finance

-Government

-Health Care

-Science

-Publishing

-Travel

-Manufacturing

Field : Education

Today, educators are turning to computes to assist with education. Many schools and companies equip labs and classrooms with computers.

Usage

• Teacher use IT to do research for teaching materials, participate in online forum and online reference, use software to prepare lecture notes.
• Students use IT asreference tools for finding information in the internet.
• School Administrators use IT for keeping students and teachers record.

Example of applications

• Courseware :Computer programs or other material designed for use in an educational or training course. Eg : Chemistry CD-Courseware 

• Web-based Learning / E-portal / Education Portal : A method of learning in which students choose their materials and use them to study on their own. Learning process using or via Internet (eg : online tuition). Students are able to access materials anytime and anywhere.

• Learning Management System : A learning management system (LMS) is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, and delivery of electrionic educational technology (are called e-learning) education courses or training programs.

Field : Finance

Many people and companies use computers to help manage their finances.

Usage

Companiese use IT (finance software) to balance checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and expenses, manage investment, and evaluate financial plans.

Example of applications

• Online banking :Is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a bank to conduct financial transactions (access account balances, pay bills and copy monly transactions) on a websites operated by the bank. Eg : Maybank2u

• Finance Investment System / Online Investing : A system that allow investors buy and sells stocks and bond online with or without using a broker.Eg : Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB)

Field: Government

Most goverment offices have their own Web sites to provide society with up-to-date information & services.

Usage

• Helps to enhance the convenience,accessibility, and quality of interactions betweet the government and the citizens.
• To provide citizents with up-to-date information throungh the government Web sites
• Employees of government agencies use IT as part of their daily routine.

Example of applications:

• e-Filing : Online system for declaring tax
• myGovernment 
• e-Penyata Gaji : Online system that allow government staffs to view and print monthly pay slip

• HRMIS – Aplikasi Sistem Maklumat Pengurusan Sumber Manusia.
• Portal Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam
• e-SPKB -Sistem Perancangan Kawalan Belanjawan Elektronik
• e-Perolehan – The Electronic Procurement System

Field : Health Care

Nearly every area of health care today uses computers for various purposes 

Usage

• Hospitals and doctor use IT to maintain and access patient records, store personal health history including prescriptions, lab test result, doctor visit allergies and immunizations
• Doctor use e-mail to correspond with patients.

Example of application

• Telemedicine : Health-care professionals in separate locations conduct live conferences on the computer regarding their patients. For example : A doctor at one location can have a conference with a doctor at another location to discuss a bone X-ray. Live images of each doctor, along with the X-ray are displayed on each doctor’s computer.

• Telesurgery : Surgery in which a surgeon performs and operation on patient who is not located in the same physical room as the surgeon by directing the robots to perform operations via computers.

• Medline : Manyrn web sites provide up-to-date medical, fitness, nutrition or exercise information.

Field : Science

Breakthoughts in surgery, medicine & treatments often result from identity of computer.

Use comouters ti assist them with collecting, analyzing and modelling data.

Scientists also use the Internet to communicate with collagues around the world.

Example of applications :

• A cochlear implant : to overcome hearing problem, a embedded chip that allows a deaf person to listen

• An electrodes implant : electrodes implanted in the brain stop tremors associated with Parkinson’s disease.
• A neural network : a system that attempts to imitate the behavior of the human brain.

Field : Publishing

The process of making works available to the public. These works include books, magazines, newspapers, music, film, and video.

Many publishers make their works available online & some Websites allow you to copy the work, such as a book or music.

Example of applications: 

• Special software assists graphic designers in developing pages that include text, graphics, and photos.
• Artists using software in composing and enhancing songs.
• Filmmakers using software in creating and editing film.
• Online newspaper and online magazines.
• Special software assists graphics designers in developing pages that include text, graphics and photos : online magazines, online photo printing, online newspaper, online card printing.
• Apple GarageBand, DUBturbo, Sonic Producer, Sound Forge, iMovie, Adobe Premiere.

Field : Travel

Example of applications :

• Car Nagivation System by Global Positioning System (GPS) – is a radio navigation system that allows land, sea and airborne users to determine theior exact location, velocity and time of their destination.

• Automatic roaming by Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) – telecommunication companies provides automatic roaming for travels to travel abroad.
• Online Intelligence Transportation IS (ITIS) – the application of advanced information and the communications technology to surface transportation in order to achieve enhanced safety and mobility while reducing the environmental impact of transportation.
• Online reservation – Transportation and accommodation reservation can be done through a Websites ( Online flight booking, online hotel booking, online car reservation. )

Field : Manufacturing

Latest technology have helped in making manufacturing process more effective.

Usage

• Reduce product development costs
• Stay ahead of the competition

Example of applications :

• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) – The use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of work pieces.
• Computer-aided design (CAD) – The use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis or optimization of a design.

• A Bar Code System – All products are bar coded and can be read by the computer scanner to help in determining prices and managing inventory.

(Continue : Part 3)