What is computer?
An electronices device, operating under the
control of instructionsstored in it own memory, that accept data (input),
process data, produce result (output) and store results for future use.
A Computer System is a collection of related
computer components (hardware and software) that have been designed to work
together smoothy.
Components of a computer : hardware and
software
System software : programs that control or
maintain the operations of a computers and its devices. Eg : Windows
Application Software : program designed to
make users more productive and/ or assist them with personal tasks OR Program
designed that allow people to perform specific tasksusing computer such as
writing letters. Example : Microsof Word.
What is differences between data and
information?
DATA
|
INFORMATION
|
 Is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio and video.
Eg : The number 7135553297 and the names Zoe and
Richardson are pieces of data – alone these pieces of data are meaningless
|
 Is data that has been processed into meaningful form is useful to people
Zoe Richardson can be reached at (713) 555-3297, date
becomes useful, it becomes information
|
Input – Any data and instructions entered into
the memory of a computer OR entering data into the computer.
Process – Performing operation on the data OR
transforming data into information.
Output – Persenting the results OR data that
has been processed into a useful form.
Storage – Saving data, programs or output for
future use OR Location in which data, instructions and information are held for
future use.
Informaion Processing Cycle :
Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model
How computers represent data?
Data and instructions can be represented
electronically by using two unique binary digits 1 (on) and 0 (off)
Eight bits is combined together to represent a
character.
What is Binary digit @ Bit?
The smallest unit of data a computer can
process consists of 1 (on) or 0 (off).
1 and 0 is a natural language computer
What is byte?
Eight bits grouped together (eg: 11110000) as
a unit (1 byte = 8 bits)
A byte provide enough different combinations
of 1s and (digits, uppercase, lowercase letters, punctuation marks or any
symbol) in computer.
The
difference between Bit and Byte?
BIT
|
BYTE
|
|
SIZE
USAGE
|
The smallest unit of data
a computer data a computer can process that consist 0 (off) on 1 (on)
Use to measure data
transfer rate of computer communication devices. (Kbps, Mbps, Gbps)
|
Eight bits grouped
together as a unit to store a single character up to 256 individual
characters.
Use to measure storage
capacity (KB, MB, GB, TB, PB)
|
Storage capacity refers to how much disk space
one or more storage devices provides.
Measured in units such as Kilobyte (KB),
Megabyte (MB), Gigabyte (GB), Terabyte (TB), Petabyte (PB)
Typical storage and capacities
1) Tape drive - a few hundred kilobytes to several gigabytes
2) Diskette - 1.44 MB
3) CD-ROM - 650 MB - 700 MB
4) Hard disk ( External hard disk) - Up to 4TB or more
Storage capacity of Flash Memory Storage
1)Solid State Drives (SSD) - 16 GB - 256 GB
2) Memory Cards
Compact Flash (CF) - 512 MB - 100 GB
Secure Digital (SD) - 512MB - 8 GB
SDHC - 4GB - 32 GB
XD Picture Card - 256 MB - 2 GB
3) USB Flash Drive -512 MB - 100 GB
1) Tape drive - a few hundred kilobytes to several gigabytes
2) Diskette - 1.44 MB
3) CD-ROM - 650 MB - 700 MB
4) Hard disk ( External hard disk) - Up to 4TB or more
Storage capacity of Flash Memory Storage
1)Solid State Drives (SSD) - 16 GB - 256 GB
2) Memory Cards
Compact Flash (CF) - 512 MB - 100 GB
Secure Digital (SD) - 512MB - 8 GB
SDHC - 4GB - 32 GB
XD Picture Card - 256 MB - 2 GB
3) USB Flash Drive -512 MB - 100 GB
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